Apple Mac OS X Server System Imaging and Software Update Administration For Version 10.4 or Later Uživatelský manuál

Mac OS X ServerSystem Imaging and Software Update AdministrationFor Version 10.4 or LaterSecond Edition

10 Preface About This Guide Getting Documentation UpdatesPeriodically, Apple posts new onscreen help topics, revised guides, and additional soluti

Preface About This Guide 11 Getting Additional InformationFor more information, consult these resources:Read Me documents—important updates and spe

12 Preface About This Guide

IPart I: System Imaging AdministrationThe chapters in this part of the guide introduce you to system imaging and the applications and tools available

1 151 About System Imaging AdministrationThis chapter describes how to start up client computers using an operating system stored on a server and

16 Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration You can use the following Mac OS X Server applications to set up and manage NetBoot and Network I

Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration 17 You can create and enable additional NetBootSPn and NetBootClientsn share points on other server v

18 Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration Allocation of Shadow Files for Mac OS X NetBoot ClientsWhen a client computer starts up from a Ma

Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration 19 Property List FileThe property list file (NBImageInfo.plist) stores image properties. The property

K Apple Computer, Inc.© 2006 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Mac OS X Server software may rep

20 Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration BootP ServerNetBoot uses a BootP server (bootpd) to provide necessary information to client compu

Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration 21 SecurityYou can restrict access to NetBoot service on a case-by-case basis by listing the hardware

22 Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration What You Need to KnowTo set up NetBoot on your server, you should be familiar with your network c

Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration 23 Note: AppleCare does not provide support for NetBoot 1.0 under the standard 90-day warranty, but

24 Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration Network Service RequirementsDepending on the types of clients you want to boot or install, your N

Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration 25 Â Number of Ethernet ports on the switch: Distributing NetBoot clients over multiple Ethernet por

26 Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration Step 2: Create disk images for client computersYou can set up Mac OS X disk images for client co

Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration 27 You can use the client computer’s Startup Disk System Preference pane to select a startup disk ima

28 Chapter 1 About System Imaging Administration Step 3: Set up DHCPNetBoot requires that you have a DHCP server running either on the local serv

2 292 Creating Boot and Install ImagesThis chapter provides step-by-step instructions for preparing boot or install images that can be used with

3 1 Contents Preface 7 About This Guide7 What’s New in NetBoot Service and Software Update Server Version 10.4 8 What’s in This Guide 8 Using

30 Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 5 In the General pane, type a name for the image you’re creating.This name will identify the image i

Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 31 Note: If your network includes both Intel-based and PowerPC-based Macintosh computers, you must crea

32 Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 19 In the Save As dialog, choose where to save the image.If you don’t want to use the image name you

Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 33 Creating a Mac OS X Boot Image from an Existing SystemIf you already have a client computer set up to

34 Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 4 Click Images, select the image, and click Edit.5 Click Contents and choose the updated source volu

Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 35 Changing How Mac OS X NetBoot Clients Allocate Shadow FilesBy default, a Mac OS X NetBoot client plac

36 Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 5 (CD source only) Choose the default language for the software. (Available only if you have already

Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 37 15 (Optional) Click Sharing Prefs and type the name in the Computer Name field that the NetBoot or Ne

38 Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images About PackagesIf you plan to add application software or other files to an image at creation time (i

Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 39 Adding Packages to a Boot or Install ImageTo include additional application (.app) or file (.pkg) pac

4 Contents 25 Serial Number Considerations 25 Setup Overview — NetBoot 27 Setup Overview — Network Install Chapter 2 29 Creating Boot and Install Ima

40 Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images Automating Image InstallationTo install Mac OS X software (along with any packages you add) with lim

Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images 41 Installing Mac OS UpdatesTo use Network Install to install operating system updates on client compute

42 Chapter 2 Creating Boot and Install Images When you have rearranged the entries in the text file, save the file and eject the image. The image

3 433 Setting Up NetBoot ServiceThis chapter describes how to set up NetBoot service to make boot and install images available to clients.You set

44 Chapter 3 Setting Up NetBoot Service From the Command LineYou can also configure NetBoot service using the serveradmin command in Terminal. See

Chapter 3 Setting Up NetBoot Service 45 Enabling ImagesYou must enable one or more disk images on your server to make the images available to clien

46 Chapter 3 Setting Up NetBoot Service Choosing Where Shadow Files Are StoredWhen a diskless client boots, temporary “shadow” files are stored on

Chapter 3 Setting Up NetBoot Service 47 http://server_ip/NetBoot/NetBootSPn/image_path.nbiWhere server_ip is the IP address of the server, n is the

48 Chapter 3 Setting Up NetBoot Service Editing ImagesWhen you edit images, System Image Utility gives you the option to back them up. To edit an

Chapter 3 Setting Up NetBoot Service 49 Setting an Image for Diskless BootingYou can use Server Admin to make an image available for booting client

Contents 5 51 Selecting a NetBoot Boot Image 52 Selecting a Network Install Image 52 Starting Up Using the N Key Chapter 5 53 Managing NetBoot Servic

50 Chapter 3 Setting Up NetBoot Service Changing Advanced NetBoot OptionsYou can control additional NetBoot options by running the bootpd program

4 514 Setting Up Clients to Use NetBoot and Network InstallThis chapter describes how to set up client computers to start up from or install soft

52 Chapter 4 Setting Up Clients to Use NetBoot and Network Install Selecting a Network Install ImageIf your computer is running Mac OS X version 1

5 535 Managing NetBoot ServiceThis chapter describes typical day-to-day tasks you might perform to keep NetBoot service running efficiently, and

54 Chapter 5 Managing NetBoot Service Disabling Individual Boot or Install ImagesDisabling an image prevents client computers from starting up usi

Chapter 5 Managing NetBoot Service 55 From the Command LineYou can see the log by viewing the contents of the log file in Terminal. For more inform

56 Chapter 5 Managing NetBoot Service Smaller improvements can be achieved by distributing boot images across multiple disk drives on a single ser

Chapter 5 Managing NetBoot Service 57 The bsdpd_clients file on any given server holds the Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) addresses of the com

58 Chapter 5 Managing NetBoot Service

6 596 Solving Problems with System ImagingThis chapter provides solutions for common problems you may encounter while working with NetBoot and Ne

6 Contents 69 Staying Up To Date with the Apple Server 69 Limiting User Bandwidth 69 Revoked Files 69 Software Update Package Format 69 Log Files 69

60 Chapter 6 Solving Problems with System Imaging  If the computer has a local hard disk with a System Folder on it, disconnect the Ethernet cabl

Chapter 6 Solving Problems with System Imaging 61 Can’t Edit Image Name in System Image UtilitySystem Image Utility doesn’t let you edit the name o

62 Chapter 6 Solving Problems with System Imaging 11 Enter the root password when prompted.The name of the image changes.12 Unmount the image.13 R

Chapter 6 Solving Problems with System Imaging 63 6 Navigate to the following folder, which contains version 9.2.6 of the Startup Disk control pane

64 Chapter 6 Solving Problems with System Imaging

IIPart II: Software Update AdministrationThe chapters in this part of this guide introduce you to the software update service and the applications and

7 677 About Software Update AdministrationThis chapter describes how to set up and administer Software Update service as a controlled environment

68 Chapter 7 About Software Update Administration OverviewThe process that starts Software Update service is SoftwareUpdateServer. When you start

Chapter 7 About Software Update Administration 69 Staying Up To Date with the Apple ServerIn order to keep your service synchronized with the most

7PrefaceAbout This GuideLearn what’s new in this version of NetBoot and Network Install services and Software Update Server.Mac OS X Server vers

70 Chapter 7 About Software Update Administration Before You Set Up the Software Update ServerBefore you set up a Software Update server, review t

Chapter 7 About Software Update Administration 71 Â Hard disk capacity and number of packages: Software Update packages can occupy considerable ha

72 Chapter 7 About Software Update Administration Step 5: Manually mirror and enable selected packages (optional)If you do not mirror and enable

8 738 Setting Up Software Update ServiceThis chapter provides step-by-step instructions to setup Software Update service on your network for use

74 Chapter 8 Setting Up Software Update Service Setting Up a Software Update ServerThis section describes:Â How to start Software Update serviceÂ

Chapter 8 Setting Up Software Update Service 75 Mirroring and Enabling Selected Updates from AppleYou use the Software Update Server module from th

76 Chapter 8 Setting Up Software Update Service 3 In Terminal, type the following command to delete a software update from the server:sudo rm -rf

9 779 Managing Software Update ServiceThis chapter describes how to perform day-to-day management tasks for software update server once you have

78 Chapter 9 Managing Software Update Service Turning Off Software Update ServiceYou use the Software Update Server module from the Computers &

10 7910 Solving Problems with Software Update ServiceThis chapter provides solutions for common problems you may encounter while working with sof

8 Preface About This Guide  As of Mac OS X Server 10.4.4, you can create, maintain, and serve disk images for Intel-based Macintosh computers. Yo

80 Chapter 10 Solving Problems with Software Update Service

81GlossaryGlossaryAFP Apple Filing Protocol. A client/server protocol used by Apple file service on Macintosh-compatible computers to share fil

82 Glossary DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol used to dynamically distribute IP addresses to client computers. Each time a client

Glossary 83 FTP File Transfer Protocol. A protocol that allows computers to transfer files over a network. FTP clients using any operating system tha

84 Glossary MAC address Media access control address. A hardware address that uniquely identifies each node on a network. For AirPort devices, the MA

Glossary 85 port A sort of virtual mail slot. A server uses port numbers to determine which application should receive data packets. Firewalls use po

86 Glossary URL Uniform Resource Locator. The address of a computer, file, or resource that can be accessed on a local network or the Internet. The U

87IndexIndexAArchitecture-specific images 43, 48automating Network Install 40Bbooter file 18BootFile property 19specifying for NetBoot image

88 Index NNameNetBoot image property 19NBImageInfo.plistNetBoot property file 18, 19NetBoot 19administrator requirements 22administrator tools for

Index 89 TTFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)role in NetBoot 20Trivial File Transfer ProtocolSee TFTPTypeNetBoot image property 19Uunlocking disk

Preface About This Guide 9 The Mac OS X Server SuiteThe Mac OS X Server documentation includes a suite of guides that explain the services and prov