Apple Mac OS X Server Version 10.4 or Later Uživatelský manuál

Mac OS X ServerMail Service AdministrationFor Version 10.4 or Later

10 Preface About This Guide Also take a look at any chapter that describes a service with which you’re unfamiliar. You may find that some of the se

101GlossaryGlossaryThis glossary defines terms and spells out abbreviations you may encounter while working with online help or other Mac OS X S

102 Glossary bit A single piece of information, with a value of either 0 or 1.byte A basic unit of measure for data, equal to eight bits (or bina

Glossary 103 decryption The process of retrieving encrypted data using some sort of special knowledge. See also encryption.digital signature An

104 Glossary gigabyte See GB.hacker An individual who enjoys programming, and explores ways to program new features and expand the capabilities o

Glossary 105 ISP Internet service provider. A business that sells Internet access and often provides web hosting for ecommerce applications as we

106 Glossary Mac OS X The latest version of the Apple operating system. Mac OS X combines the reliability of UNIX with the ease of use of Macintos

Glossary 107 open relay A server that receives and automatically forwards mail to another server. Junk mail senders exploit open relay servers to

108 Glossary public key cryptography A method of encrypting data that uses a pair of keys, one public and the other private, that are obtained fro

Glossary 109 static IP address An IP address that’s assigned to a computer or device once and is never changed.subdomain Sometimes called the ho

Preface About This Guide 11 You can also access onscreen help from the Finder or other applications on a server or on an administrator computer. (A

111IndexIndexAadministratoraccess to mail database 64administrator access 64aliascreating for a user 38APOP (Authenticated POP) 28APOP authenticat

112 Index restricted SMTP relay 47SMTP authentication 33, 46–47KKerberosauthentication 30mail service authentication 29Kerberos authentication

Index 113relay via another server 35resourcesmail service 71–72restricted SMTP relay 47RFC (Request for Comments) documents 72Sscreening 49by

12 Preface About This Guide Getting Documentation UpdatesPeriodically, Apple posts new onscreen help topics, revised guides, and solution papers. T

Preface About This Guide 13 Getting Additional InformationFor more information, consult these resources:Read Me documents—important updates and spe

1 151 Mail Service SetupMail service in Mac OS X Server allows network users to send and receive email over your network or across the Internet.

16 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Mail Service ProtocolsA standard mail client setup uses SMTP to send outgoing email, and POP and IMAP to receive in

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 17 Post Office Protocol (POP)POP is used only for receiving mail, not for sending mail. The mail service of Mac OS X S

18 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup User Interaction With Mail ServiceMail is delivered to its final recipient using a mail user agent (MUA). MUAs are

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 19 Maximum Number of Mail Messages Per VolumeBecause the mail service stores each email message in a separate file, th

K Apple Computer, Inc.© 2005 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Mac OS X Server software may

20 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Using Network Services With Mail ServiceMail service makes use of network services to ensure delivery of email. Bef

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 21 Configuring DNS for Mail ServiceConfiguring DNS for mail service is enabling MX records with your own DNS server. I

22 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup How Mail Service Uses SSLSecure Sockets Layer (SSL) connections ensure that the data sent between your mail server

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 23 Step 3: Configure the desired service to use the CertificateFor detailed instructions for allowing or requiring SS

24 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Overview of Mail Service ToolsThe following applications help you set up and manage mail service:• Server Admin: U

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 25 Step 3: Configure incoming mail serviceYour mail service has many settings that determine how it handles incoming

26 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Step 9: Start mail serviceBefore starting mail service, make sure the server computer shows the correct day, time,

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 27 To enable POP access:1 In Server Admin, select Mail in the Computers & Services pane.2 Click Settings.3 Select

28 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Choosing No Incoming Mail RetrievalYou can choose to enable SMTP mail service, but not supply POP or IMAP service f

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 29 To set the POP authentication method:1 In Server Admin, select Mail in the Computers & Services pane.2 Click Se

3 1 Contents Preface 9 About This Guide9 What’s New in Version 10.4 9 What’s in This Guide 9 Using This Guide 10 Setting Up Mac OS X Server fo

30 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup To set SSL transport for POP connections:1 In Server Admin, select Mail in the Computers & Services pane.2 Clic

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 31 Enabling Less Secure IMAP AuthenticationYour IMAP mail service can supply users’ passwords by less secure means. Th

32 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Configuring Outgoing Mail ServiceThe mail service includes an SMTP service for sending mail. Subject to restriction

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 33 SMTP Authentication is used in conjunction with restricted SMTP mail transfer to limit junk mail propagation. For m

34 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Enabling Less Secure SMTP AuthenticationYour server can guard against being an open relay by requiring SMTP authent

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 35 Relaying SMTP Mail Through Another ServerRather than delivering outgoing mail directly to its various destinations,

36 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Using ACLs For Mail Service AccessAccess Control Lists (ACLs) are a method of designating service access to certain

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 37 Supporting Mail UsersThis section discusses mail settings in your server’s user accounts, user mail storage quotas,

38 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Creating an Administration AccountYou may need to create a mail administrator account to maintain and watch mail fo

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 39 Postfix-style aliases require command-line administration, are less obvious to audit. However, the major benefit to

4 Contents 28 Choosing No Incoming Mail Retrieval 28 Enabling Secure POP Authentication 29 Enabling Less Secure Authentication for POP 29 Configuring

40 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Now mail to “[email protected]” will be sent to user “bob,” giving Bob two effective email addresses, bob

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 41 Your mail settings apply to all domain names in this list. You should never list the same domain in the virtual dom

42 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 6 Select Enable Virtual Hosting.You can now add or remove virtual hosts using the Add (+) or Remove (-) buttons.7 C

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 43 To associate a user to a virtual host using Mac OS X Server-style aliases:1 Add a Virtual Host Name using the direc

44 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 6 At the prompt, enter the following command:newaliasesThe alias database will reload.7 At the prompt, reload the m

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 45 Configuring Quota WarningsWhen a user’s mailbox approaches its storage quota, you can choose to warn the users of a

46 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Limiting Junk Mail and VirusesYou can configure your mail service to decrease the volume of unsolicited commercial

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 47 Restricting SMTP RelayYour mail service can restrict SMTP relay by allowing only approved hosts to relay mail. You

48 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Rejecting SMTP Connections From Specific ServersYour mail service can reject unauthorized SMTP connections from hos

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 49 Filtering SMTP ConnectionsYou can use the firewall service of Mac OS X Server to allow or deny access to your SMTP

Contents 5 59 Reloading Mail Service 59 Changing Protocol Settings for Incoming Mail Service 59 Improving Performance 60 Working With the Mail Store

50 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Enabling Junk Mail Screening (Baysian Filters)Before you can benefit from mail screening, it must be enabled. While

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 51 7 Choose how often to update the junk mail database updated, if desired.8 Click Save.For an explanation of other op

52 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup To automatically train the junk mail filter:1 Enable junk mail filtering.See “Enabling Junk Mail Screening (Baysian

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 53 Enabling Virus ScreeningBefore you can benefit from mail screening, it must be enabled. While enabling screening, y

54 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Things to note:• Cyradm is a limited shell: It supports shell-style redirection, but does not understand pipes.• C

Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup 55 Learning Sieve ScriptingSieve’s complete syntax, commands, and arguments are found in IETF RFC 3028:www.ietf.org/rf

56 Chapter 1 Mail Service Setup Basic Sort and Anti-Junk Mail Filter#--------# This is a sample script to show discarding and filing.# Read the com

2 572 Mail Service MaintenanceAfter setting up your mail service, there are some ongoing tasks to keep your mail service running efficiently and

58 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance Holding Outbound Mail ServiceYou can prevent the mail service from sending new outgoing mail. You could do th

Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance 59 Reloading Mail ServiceSometimes it’s necessary to reload the mail server for mail service setting changes to

6 Contents 79 Designating a Mailing List as Private 80 Adding Subscribers 80 Administering Mailing Lists81 Viewing a Server’s Mailing Lists81 Viewing

60 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance Working With the Mail Store and DatabaseThe mail database keeps track of messages for all mail service users.

Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance 61 Repairing the Mail User’s Account DatabaseThe mail service updates the user’s database of stored messages eac

62 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance Specifying the Location for the Mail Database and Mail StoreIf you’re starting mail service for the first tim

Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance 63 Note: Creating new locations doesn’t automatically put mail in those locations. Edit the User records in Wor

64 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance After restoring the mail service folder, notify users that messages stored on the server have been restored f

Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance 65 Saving Mail Messages for Monitoring and Archival PurposesYou can configure mail service to send blind carbon

66 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance Viewing the Mail Connections ListThe Server Admin application can list the users who are currently connected

Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance 67 Viewing Mail AccountsYou can use the Server Admin application to see a list of users who have used their mail

68 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance Setting Mail Service Log Detail LevelMail service logs can show several levels of reported detail. The three

Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance 69 Reclaiming Disk Space Used by Mail Service Log ArchivesMac OS X Server automatically reclaims disk space used

Contents 7Glossary 101Index 111

70 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance Forwarding Undeliverable Incoming MailYou can have mail service forward messages that arrive for unknown loca

Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance 71 Retrying Undelivered Outgoing MessagesSometimes the outgoing mail queue has undelivered messages. These messa

72 Chapter 2 Mail Service Maintenance InternetThere is an abundance of information about the different mail protocols, DNS, and other related topic

3 733 Mailing ListsMailing lists distribute a single email message to multiple recipients. Mailing lists differ from workgroups in a few fundamen

74 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists You can find more information about Mailman at the website:www.list.orgSetting Up a Mailing ListThis section describes t

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 75 Creating a New Mailing ListMailing lists distribute a single email message to multiple recipients. Once you create a mai

76 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists Setting Maximum Message LengthYou can set the maximum size message that the list accepts. You may want to disallow large

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 77 Customizing the Mailing List Welcome MessageWhen new subscribers join a mailing list, either by assignment or self-subsc

78 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 4 Enable “Send goodbye message to members...”5 Enter the text you want to include in the “Text sent to people leaving th

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 79 Setting Mailing List Message Bounce OptionsWhen a list message bounces and returns to the list server, you can choose ho

80 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists Adding SubscribersUse Server Admin to add mailing list subscribers to a list. Mailing list subscribers need not have any

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 81 Information and access to a specific list is found at:<server.domain.tld>/mailman/listinfo/<listname>For doc

82 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists To designate a list administrator:1 In Server Admin, select Mail in the Computer & Services list.2 Click Settings.3

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 83 Designating a List ModeratorWhen you set up a list, you can designate another user to moderate the list.To designate a l

84 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists Viewing Mailing List ArchivesIf the list administrator has enabled message archiving, you can access and search the arch

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 85 Removing a List SubscriberYou can remove a subscriber from a mailing list, either forcibly or by request.To remove a lis

86 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 6 Uncheck or check “User subscribes to list” as necessary.7 Click OK.List Subscriber’s OptionsA subscriber can customize

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 87 To subscribe via web:1 In a web browser, enter the URL of the list information page.This is usually:<server.domain.tl

88 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists Unsubscribing From a Mailing List Via WebUnsubscribing from a mailing list via the web is a similar process to Subscribi

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 89 Disabling List Mail DeliveryYou may wish to temporarily disable delivery of mailing list messages; for example, you may

9PrefaceAbout This GuideThis guide explains how to configure and administer Mac OS X Server Mail Services.What’s New in Version 10.4Mac OS X Ser

90 Chapter 3 Mailing Lists Toggle MIME or Plain Text DigestsIf you subscribe to a mailing list and receive digests (a single email with all of the

Chapter 3 Mailing Lists 91 Where to Find More InformationMailman’s features and its capabilities, can be found at:www.list.orgYou will also find th

93AppendixCertificates and SecurityMac OS X Server supports many services which use SSL to ensure encrypted data transfer. It uses a Public Key

94 Appendix Certificates and Security Public and Private KeysWithin a PKI, two digital keys are created: the public key, and the private key. The

Appendix Certificates and Security 95 Certificate Authorities (CA)A Certificate Authority (CA) is an entity which signs and issues digital identit

96 Appendix Certificates and Security The Certificate Manager in Server Admin doesn’t allow you to sign and issue certificates as a CA, nor does i

Appendix Certificates and Security 97 12 Click Send Request.13 Click Save.14 When the CA replies to the email, it will include it in the text of a

98 Appendix Certificates and Security Importing a CertificateYou can import a previously generated OpenSSL certificate and private key into Certif

Appendix Certificates and Security 99 Deleting a CertificateWhen a certificate has expired, or been compromised, you’ll need to delete it.To delet