Apple Mac OS X Server Print Service Administration For Version 10.4 or Later Uživatelský manuál Strana 30
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Hodnocené. / 5. Na základě hodnocení zákazníků
30 Chapter 1 User Management Overview
Directory and File Owner Access
When a directory or file is created, the file system stores the user ID of the user who
created it. When a user with that user ID accesses the directory or file, he or she can
read and write to it by default. In addition, any process started by the creator can read
and write to any files associated with the creator’s user ID.
If you change a user’s user ID, the user may no longer be able to modify or even access
files and directories he or she created. Likewise, if the user logs in as a user whose
user ID is different from the user ID he or she used to create the files and directories,
the user will no longer have owner permissions for them.
Directory and File Access by Other Users
The user ID, in conjunction with a group ID, is also used to control access by users who
are members of particular groups, or of parent groups.
Every user belongs to a primary group. The primary group ID for a user is stored in the
user’s account. When a user accesses a directory or file and the user isn’t the owner, the
file system checks the file’s group permissions.
• If the user’s primary group ID matches the ID of the group associated with the file,
the user inherits group permissions.
• If the user’s primary group ID doesn’t match the file’s group ID, Mac OS X searches for
the group account that does have permission. The group account contains a list of
the short names of users who are members of the group. The file system maps each
short name in the group account to a user ID, and if the user’s ID matches the user ID
of a group member, the user is granted group permission for the directory or file.
• If the user’s primary group ID (or a parent group ID) matches the ID of the group
associated with the file (or a parent group), the user inherits group permissions.
• If neither of these cases applies, the user’s access permissions default to the generic
“everyone/world.”
Globally Unique Identifiers
Beginning with Mac OS X version 10.4, a universal ID called a globally unique identifier
(GUID, pronounced GOO-id) provides user and group identity for ACL permissions. The
GUID also associates a user with group and nested group memberships.
A discussion of GUIDs and their implications appears in Appendix B.
- Mac OS X Server 1
- Contents 3
- Contents 7 7
- 8 Contents 8
- Contents 9 9
- 10 Contents 10
- Contents 11 11
- 12 Contents 12
- About This Guide 13
- What’s in This Guide 14
- Using Onscreen Help 15
- The Mac OS X Server Suite 15
- User Management Overview 19
- Server Admin 21
- Accounts 23
- Users and Managed Users 25
- Guest Users 25
- Computer Lists 26
- The User Experience 27
- Identity Validation 29
- Information Access Control 29
- Getting Started With 31
- User Management 31
- Analyzing Your Environment 37
- Using Client Management 38
- Using Mobile Accounts 39
- Portable Home Directories 39
- Identifying Groups 40
- Using Workgroup Manager 41
- Major Workgroup Manager Tasks 42
- Listing and Finding Accounts 43
- Refreshing Account Lists 45
- Sorting User and Group Lists 46
- Batch Editing 47
- Using Presets 47
- Creating a Mobile Account 51
- Removing a Mobile Account 51
- Managing Mobile Clients 53
- Using Wireless Services 55
- FileVault for Mobile Clients 56
- Setting Up User Accounts 57
- Predefined User Accounts 58
- Administering User Accounts 59
- Defining a Guest User 62
- Deleting a User Account 63
- Disabling a User Account 63
- Renaming Presets 65
- Changing Presets 65
- Deleting a Preset 65
- Defining Long User Names 66
- Defining Short User Names 66
- • a through z 67
- • A through Z 67
- • 0 through 9 67
- • _ (underscore) 67
- Choosing Stable Short Names 68
- Avoiding Duplicate Names 68
- Defining User IDs 71
- Defining Passwords 71
- Defining Login Settings 74
- Defining a Password Type 75
- Editing Comments 76
- Adding a User to Groups 78
- Removing a User From a Group 78
- Forwarding a User’s Mail 81
- Setting Up Group Accounts 85
- Creating Nested Groups 89
- Upgrading Legacy Groups 89
- Adding Users to a Group 90
- Removing Users From a Group 91
- Naming a Group 92
- Defining a Group ID 92
- Specifying No Group Folder 93
- Deleting a Group Account 99
- Setting Up Computer Lists 101
- Creating a Computer List 102
- Using a Computer List Preset 104
- Deleting a Computer List 106
- Managing Guest Computers 107
- Working With Access Settings 108
- Using Local User Accounts 110
- Setting Up Home Directories 111
- Home directories A through M 112
- Mac OS X Servers 112
- Home directories N through Z 112
- User accounts 112
- Specifying No Home Directory 113
- Home Directories 119
- Setting Disk Quotas 121
- Moving Home Directories 122
- Deleting Home Directories 122
- Client Management Overview 123
- Defining Preferences 125
- The Power of Preferences 126
- Levels of Control 127
- Degrees of Permanence 129
- Who Can Log In 131
- Caching Preferences 132
- Managing Preferences 135
- Managing User Preferences 138
- Managing Group Preferences 139
- Managing Computer Preferences 139
- Managing Classic Preferences 144
- Managing Dock Preferences 148
- Adding Items to a User’s Dock 150
- Managing Finder Preferences 155
- Managing Internet Preferences 162
- Managing Login Preferences 163
- Specifying How a User Logs In 164
- Login and Logout Scripts 169
- Managing Mobility Preferences 172
- Managing Network Preferences 172
- Managing Printing Preferences 173
- Setting a Default Printer 175
- Setting a Visual Alert 178
- Application 182
- Managing Network Views 185
- Editing Managed Network Views 187
- Computers 192
- • Disable the view 194
- • Delete the view 194
- Solving Problems 197
- Users Can’t Open Files 202
- Importing and Exporting 205
- Account Information 205
- Earlier 208
- Writing a Record Description 210
- ACL Permissions and Group 213
- Memberships Using GUID 213
- GUIDs and Groups 214
- Importing and Exporting Users 215
- Glossary 217
- 218 Glossary 218
- Glossary 219 219
- 220 Glossary 220
- Glossary 221 221
- 222 Glossary 222
- Glossary 223 223
- 224 Glossary 224
- Glossary 225 225
- 226 Glossary 226
- Glossary 227 227
- 228 Glossary 228
- 230 Index 230
- Index 231 231
- 232 Index 232
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